KNOWLEDGE ENCYCLOPAEDIA

  Who were the Mongols? MONGOLS - AZTECS- YUVAN DYNASTY THE COURSE OF HISTORY  Who were the Mongols? MONGOLS - AZTECS- YUVAN DYNASTY THE COURSE OF HISTORY  Who were the Mongols? The Mongols were a Central Asian ethnic group living on the Mongolian Plateau and were considered to be barbarians and savages. Today, the Mongolian Plateau is divided into independent Mongolia, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China, and Buryatia Republic of Russia. They were highly disciplined and experts in using the bow and arrow on horseback. Stretching from Vietnam to Hungary, the Mongol Empire, founded by Genghis Khan, is the largest contiguous empire in the history of the world. Who was Genghis Khan? Genghis Khan, the Great Khan (emperor), founded the Mongol Empire, which became the largest contiguous empire in history of the world after his death. He united Mongol tribes to improve their chances in battles. He had power over more of the world than any other conqueror in history. Despit...

 What was architecture in Medieval India? INDIAN ARCHITECTURE - FEUDAL SYSTEM -KNIGHTS THE COURSE OF HISTORY  The medieval period of Indian architecture reached its peak with the construction of several temples and palaces, patronized by the Palas, Chalukyas, Cholas, Gangas, and Rajputs, each having their own style. During 950-1050 A.D., the beautiful temples at Khajuraho were built. The magnificent palace at Datia, built by Bir Singh, is one of the best examples of Hindu architecture. The palace at Amber was also built in the 17th century. The Jodhpur fort, with its remarkable bastion, and the old palace are among the best examples of surviving Hindu architecture. The stunning Surya temple at Konarak, built between 1238 and 1264 A.D., is an example of architectural excellence. What is the feudal system? Feudal system was prevalent both in Europe and in India. It is a kind of loyalty system used by the emperor to pacify rebelling nobles. The emperor was the supreme owner of la...

 What was the 'Renaissance'? THE COURSE OF HISTORY The French word 'Renaissance' means 'rebirth. From about 1350 to 1550 a lot of scholars and artists, such as the genius Leonardo da Vinci, recaptured the knowledge of the ancient times, which was forgotten at the time of the start of the medieval age. With the invention of the printing press, Ideas such as demand for freedom and dignity of humans spread very quickly. Sailors discovered new trade routes, and Martin Luther initiated a Reformation of the Christian Church, which had far-reaching consequences. The so-called Modern Age dawned and it brought the Thirty-year War and the advance of the Ottomans till the middle of Europe. Why was Leonardo da Vinci a genius? Genius is the name given to those people who accomplish wonderful achievements. This is exactly what the Italian sculptor, painter, and scientist Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519) did. His painting technique had a lively effect on the people and intluenced the...

  ENLIGHTENMENT - PHILOSOPHERS THE COURSE OF HISTORY Who was enlightened in the age of enlightenment? Specifically no one and somehow all were. In the age of enlightenment, it became clear to the people that whatever they had believed in for so long could be contradicted easily by the scientific observations like those made by Isaac Newton. The learned ones were of the opinion that on the basis of critical understanding they can understand the world better, rather than believing in an all-powerful ruler. The French Sun King, who let himself be told something by his court jesters, was one such ruler. Philosophers like Voltaire, on the other hand, explained that all people were equal by nature. The Prussian king Friedrich II acted according to these standards and changed a lot of things. Who was the Sun King? King Ludwig XIV (1638-1715) has the epithet of 'Sun King'. He is also said to have coined the saying L état c'est moi', or '1 am the state'. He also ruled in...

  FRENCH REVOLUTION - INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION - MARCH REVOLUTION the course of history What led to the revolutions of the 18th and 19th centuries? er the enlightenment people started questioning more and more ahout the legitimacy of sole rulers They on one hand demanded taxes mhe people and on the other hand they did not grant them any people started protesting everywhere. The colonies turned against their  colonial rulers and around the end of the t8th century the American ar of independence was fought in Europe, a little later, the French state was rebuilt as a result of the French revolution, and around 60 years later thee was the March Revolution in Germany . The Industrial Revolution started in England ater the middle of the 18th century Who fought in the American war of independence? the 3 colonies along the North American easterm coast fought against their colonizer England im the colonists threw a complete shipload of English tea mhe harbour the Boston Tea...

  COLONIES - COMMONWEALTH OF NATIONS THE COURSE OF HISTORY Why did the European countries colonize? Having colonies meant wealth and expansion of the national territory. For this reason, European countries colonized areas in Asia and America. They were attracted to these places because of the spices, gold, and estates. After about 1870, the Europeans started eyeing Africa. The battle for new dominions started and Africa was split. The raw materials-ores, diamonds  and rubber-were beckoning. Even the German empire strived for such a 'place in the sun'. Most of the colonies became independent after 1945, but remained connected with their earlier motherland as members of the Commonwealth of Nations' Which was the first colony to become independent? The first colonies to fight for their independence were those of New England. In 1776 they founded the USA. After 1820, Venezuela, Columbia, Panama, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia in South America split from Spain. Portugal gave indepe...